Understanding C++ An Accelerated Introduction
For many people the transition from C to C++ is not easy. In fact, this transition is often accompanied by quite a bit of anxiety because C++ is surrounded by a certain aura that makes it inaccessible. For example, you can pick up a book on C++, randomly turn to a page, and encounter paragraphs like this: “From a design perspective, private derivation is equivalent to containment except for the (occasionally important) issue of overriding. An important use of this is the technique of deriving a class publicly from an abstract base class defining an interface and privately from a concrete class providing an implementation. Because the inheritance implied in private derivation is an implementation detail that is not reflected in the type of the derived class, it is sometimes called ‘implementation inheritance’ and contrasted to public declaration, where the interface of the base class is inherited and the implicit conversion to the base type is allowed. The latter is sometimes referred to as sub- typing or ‘interface inheritance’.” [From “The C++ Programming Language, second edition”, by Bjarne Stroustrup, page 413]
Read more
C++ Essentials
Since its introduction less than a decade ago, C++ has experienced growing acceptance as a practical object-oriented programming language suitable for teaching, research, and commercial software development. The language has also rapidly evolved during this period and acquired a number of new features (e.g., templates and exception handling) which have added to its richness. This book serves as an introduction to the C++ language. It teaches how to program in C++ and how to properly use its features. It does not attempt to teach object-oriented design to any depth, which I believe is best covered in a book in its own right.
Read more
The GNU C Library Reference Manual
The C language provides no built-in facilities for performing such common operations as input/output, memory management, string manipulation, and the like. Instead, these facilities are defined in a standard library, which you compile and link with your programs.
The GNU C library, described in this document, defines all of the library functions that are specified by the ISO C standard, as well as additional features specific to POSIX and other derivatives of the Unix operating system, and extensions specific to the GNU system.
The purpose of this manual is to tell you how to use the facilities of the GNU library. We have mentioned which features belong to which standards to help you identify things that are potentially non-portable to other systems. But the emphasis in this manual is not on strict portability.
Read more
Learn Visual Basic 6.0
What is Visual Basic?
- Visual Basic is a tool that allows you to develop Windows (Graphic User Interface GUI) applications. The applications have a familiar appearance to the user.
- Visual Basic is event-driven, meaning code remains idle until called upon to respond to some event (button pressing, menu selection, …). Visual Basic is governed by an event processor. Nothing happens until an event is detected. Once an event is detected, the code corresponding to that event (event procedure) is executed. Program control is then returned to the event processor.
Read more
Programming in CSharp
CSharp is designed for the .NET framework. The .NET framework is object oriented. CSharp has a great set of tools for the object oriented programmer. CSharp is the first component oriented language in the C/C++ family. Component concepts are first class:
Properties, methods, events
Design-time and run-time attributes
integrated documentation using XML
CSharp can be embedded in web pages. In C++ and Java primitive date types (int, double, etc) are magic and do not interoperate with objects. In Smalltalk and Lisp primitive types are objects, but at great performence cost. CSharp unifies this with no performance cost. CSharp also adds new primitive data types, for example decimal. Collections work for all types.
Read more