Programming .NET Windows Applications Drawing and GDI+
The designers of .NET, and especially of Visual Studio .NET, clearly had in mind a model in which you could write sophisticated Windows Applications using only the controls available in the Toolbox. This approach is very successful, and many Windows programmers will never need to go beyond the Toolbox and forms model for building powerful user interfaces. As discussed elsewhere in this book, the Toolbox includes controls for displaying data (labels, DataGrids, Calendars, listboxes, etc.) as well as for offering the user choices (radio buttons, checkboxes, listboxes, etc.) and for gathering data (text boxes, etc.) In addition, several controls and components manage date and time (Timer, etc.) or the form itself (splitter, etc.).
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The Graphics Class
The Graphics class represents a GDI+ drawing surface. A Graphics object maintains the state of the drawing surface, including the scale and units, as well as the orientation of the drawing surface. The Graphics class provides many properties. The most commonly used properties are listed in Table 10-2, most of which will be demonstrated later in this chapter.
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Coordinates
The French philosopher René Descartes (1596-1650) is best known today for stating that while he may doubt, he can not doubt that he exists. This is summarized in his oft-quoted statement Cogito Ergo Sum (I think, therefore I am).* Among mathematicians, Descartes may be best known for inventing Analytical Geometry and what are now called Cartesian coordinates. In a classic Cartesian coordinate system, you envision an x axis and a y axis, as shown in Figure 10-1, with the origin (0,0) at the center. The values to the right of the origin and above the origin are positive, and the values to the left and below are negative. In most graphical programming environments, like in Windows, the coordinate system has its origin at the upper-lefthand corner, rather than in the center, and you count upward to the right and down, as shown in Figure 10-2. The coordinates you pass to the various drawing methods of the Graphics class are called world coordinates.
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Tags: .NET, drawing, GDI+, graphics programming, GUI, Windows Forms
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