Threading in C#

Threading in C#C# supports parallel execution of code through multithreading. A thread is an independent execution path, able to run simultaneously with other threads. A C# program starts in a single thread created automatically by the CLR and operating system (the “main” thread), and is made multi-threaded by creating additional threads.

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How Threading Works
Multithreading is managed internally by a thread scheduler, a function the CLR typically delegates to the operating system. A thread scheduler ensures all active threads are allocated appropriate execution time, and that threads that are waiting or blocked - for instance - on an exclusive lock, or on user input - do not consume CPU time. On a single-processor computer, a thread scheduler performs time-slicing - rapidly switching execution between each of the active threads. This results in “choppy” behavior, such as in the very first example, where each block of a repeating X or Y character corresponds to a time-slice allocated to the thread. Under Windows XP, a time-slice is typically in the tens-ofmilliseconds region - chosen such as to be much larger than the CPU overhead in actually switching context between one thread and another (which is typically in the few-microseconds region). On a multi-processor computer, multithreading is implemented with a mixture of time-slicing and genuine concurrency - where different threads run code simultaneously on different CPUs. It’s almost certain there will still be some time-slicing, because of the operating system’s need to service its own threads - as well as those of other applications. A thread is said to be preempted when its execution is interrupted due to an external factor such as time-slicing. In most situations, a thread has no control over when and where it’s preempted.
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